Alopecia is the
medical term for
hair loss. Any form of
hair loss is considered
alopecia.
With the exception of
androgenic alopecia, most
hair loss conditions affect a relatively small percentage of people.
Androgenic (Androgenetic) Alopecia
A
genetically determined disorder that is the most common form of
hair loss in both men and women. It is often referred to as female or male pattern baldness.
Alopecia Areata (Marginal Alopecia)
An
autoimmune skin condition where hair follicles are mistakenly attacked in groups by a person's own
immune system,
disrupting the hair growth stage. The affected follicles eventually stop growing visible hair above the scalp’s surface.
Alopecia areata is sometimes associated with other
autoimmune conditions such as
allergic disorders,
thyroid disease,
vitiligo,
lupus,
rheumatoid arthritis and
ulcerative colitis.
Alopecia Totalis
A form of alopecia areata that causes the complete loss of all scalp hair .
Alopecia Universalis
The most severe form of alopecia areata that causes the complete loss of all scalp and body hair .
Ophiasis
A form of alopecia areata in which hair loss occurs in a wave-like pattern encircling the head .
Traction Alopecia
A hair loss condition caused by damage to the papilla and hair follicle from constant pulling or tension over a long period of time. It often occurs as a result of wearing too tight hairstyles like ponytails or braids—especially “cornrows”—that lead to high tension, pulling and breakage of the hair. It can also result from cosmetic procedures that create hair tension, such as facelifts.
Chignon Alopecia
A form of traction alopecia in which hair loss occurs at the crown . It commonly occurs when hair is styled in a tight bun over long periods of time . Ballet dancers or anyone who regularly wears their hair in this style may be at risk.
Trichotillomania
A disorder in which a person compulsively pulls out their own hair , resulting in noticeable hair loss .
Hypotrichosis
A condition in which there is no hair growth . Unlike alopecia, which describes hair loss where there was formerly hair growth, people with hypotrichosis are affected since birth and never grow any hair.
Anagen Effluvium
Hair shedding and thinning that usually occurs as the result of exposure to chemicals or toxins (such as cancer treatment like chemotherapy or radiation) during anagen, the growth phase of the hair lifecycle.
Telogen Effluvium
Hair shedding and thinning caused by follicles prematurely pushed into the resting stage of growth, or the telogen phase, by stress or illness.
Cicatricial Alopecia
Also called scarring alopecia, it refers to a group of rare disorders that destroy hair follicles, replacing them with scar tissue, causing permanent hair loss .
Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia
CCCA can occur naturally or result from tight hairstyles or chemical burns from perms and relaxers. It is becoming more common, especially in African American women.
Lichen Planopilaris
A type of scarring hair loss that occurs from a skin disease known as lichen planus, which affects areas of the skin with hair. It can cause redness, irritation, and in some cases, permanent hair loss .
Folliculitis
A bacterial infection in the hair follicles that causes a pustule or inflammatory nodules surrounding the hair. It can occur below or above the scalp’s surface. Although it’s quite common and treatable, severe cases can cause hair loss and scarring.
Trichorrhexis Nodosa
A defect in hair fibers characterized by fraying and swelling nodes along the hair shaft that cause the hair to break off easily.
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