Melanin

Melanin

A dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals is called Melanin. It is responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight.

Melanin is found in several areas of the body including:

• Skin where it provides skin color
• Hair
• Pupils or irises of the eyes
• Stria vascularis of the inner ear
• Areas of the brain, the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus
• The medulla and zona reticularis of the adrenal gland

Types of melanin:

Some of the different types of melanin include eumelanin, pheomelanin and neuromelanin. Eumelanin is found in the hair, skin and dark areas around the nipples. It is particularly abundant among black populations and provides black and brown pigment to the hair, skin and eyes.

When eumelanin is present only in small amounts, hair may be blonde.

Pheomelanin is also found in the hair and skin. This type of melanin provides pink and red colors and is the main pigment found among red-haired individuals. This type of melanin is not as protective against UV- radiation induced cancer as eumelanin.

Neuromelanin is a form of melanin found in different areas of the brain and loss of this melanin may cause several neurological disorders.

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